Page 6 - INFORMATION FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS

4.7.2.1 Experimentally-induced inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain ........................................................... 82
4.7.2.2 Neuropathic pain and chronic non-cancer pain in humans ............................................................................ 82
4.7.2.3 Cancer pain ................................................................................................................................................... 91
4.7.2.4 “Opioid-sparing” effects and cannabinoid-opioid synergy ........................................................................... 93
4.7.2.5 Headache and migraine ................................................................................................................................ 98
4.8 Arthritides and musculoskeletal disorders ......................................................................................................................... 99
4.8.1 Osteoarthritis ............................................................................................................................................................. 99
4.8.2 Rheumatoid arthritis ................................................................................................................................................ 101
4.8.3 Fibromyalgia ........................................................................................................................................................... 102
4.8.4 Muscular pain ......................................................................................................................................................... 104
4.8.5 Osteoporosis ............................................................................................................................................................ 104
4.9 Other diseases and symptoms .......................................................................................................................................... 105
4.9.1 Movement disorders ............................................................................................................................................... 105
4.9.1.1 Dystonia ...................................................................................................................................................... 105
4.9.1.2 Huntington’s disease ................................................................................................................................... 107
4.9.1.3 Parkinson’s disease ..................................................................................................................................... 108
4.9.1.4 Tourette’s syndrome ................................................................................................................................... 109
4.9.1.5 Spinocerebellar ataxias .............................................................................................................................. 110
4.9.2 Glaucoma ............................................................................................................................................................... 110
4.9.3 Asthma ................................................................................................................................................................... 111
4.9.4 Hypertension .......................................................................................................................................................... 111
4.9.5 Stress and psychiatric disorders .............................................................................................................................. 111
4.9.5.1 Anxiety and depression .............................................................................................................................. 112
4.9.5.2 Sleep disorders ........................................................................................................................................... 114
4.9.5.3 Post-traumatic stress disorder ..................................................................................................................... 116
4.9.5.4 Alcohol and opioid withdrawal symptoms (drug withdrawal symptoms/drug substitution) ...................... 119
4.9.5.5 Schizophrenia and psychosis ...................................................................................................................... 121
4.9.6 Alzheimer’s disease and dementia .......................................................................................................................... 126
4.9.7 Inflammation .......................................................................................................................................................... 127
4.9.7.1 Inflammatory skin diseases (dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus) ....................................................................... 128
4.9.8 Gastrointestinal system disorders (irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease,
hepatitis, pancreatitis, metabolic syndrome/obesity) .............................................................................................. 129
4.9.8.1 Irritable bowel syndrome ........................................................................................................................... 129
4.9.8.2 Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis) ............................................................ 131
4.9.8.3 Diseases of the liver (hepatitis, fibrosis, steatosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, hepatic
encephalopathy) ..................................................................................................................................................... 135
4.9.8.4 Metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes ...................................................................................................... 137
4.9.8.5 Diseases of the pancreas (diabetes, pancreatitis) ........................................................................................ 141
4.9.9 Anti-neoplastic properties....................................................................................................................................... 142
4.9.10 Emerging potential therapeutic uses ..................................................................................................................... 146

5.0 Precautions ........................................................................................................................................................................... 147

6.0 Warnings .............................................................................................................................................................................. 148
6.1 Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms ......................................................................................................... 149
6.2 Drug interactions ............................................................................................................................................................. 149
6.3 Drug screening tests ......................................................................................................................................................... 151

7.0 Adverse effects ..................................................................................................................................................................... 152
7.1 Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis ..................................................................................................................................... 153
7.2 Respiratory tract .............................................................................................................................................................. 154
7.3 Immune system ................................................................................................................................................................ 156
7.4 Reproductive and endocrine systems ............................................................................................................................... 158
7.5 Cardiovascular system ..................................................................................................................................................... 162
7.6 Gastrointestinal system and liver ..................................................................................................................................... 163
7.6.1 Hyperemesis ........................................................................................................................................................... 163
7.6.2 Liver ....................................................................................................................................................................... 164
7.7 Central nervous system .................................................................................................................................................... 164

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